Instances of Scientific Misconduct


Diederik Stapel

Diederik Stapel, a former social psychology professor, conducted scientific fraud and fabricated his data at least 50 times. Many of his published works were with leading journals such as Science. He worked for Tilburg University in the Netherlands and was caught in 2011 for fraud. Stapel had a habit of secretly changing small details of his data to work in his favor, which later led to full fabrications of data sets. The scientific misconduct was so well-done that he was not caught until many years later. Eventually, he received many retractions due to the fabrication of his data, concerns about his data, etc. Stapel even had criminal proceedings due to his fraudulence, making him an infamous researcher.


A legendary scientific fraud explains how to stop people like himself (Vox News, June 29, 2015)

Another retraction for Diederik Stapel, this one from Dutch drama festival on “truth and reality” (Retraction Watch, September 16, 2014)

Curtain up on second act for Dutch fraudster Stapel: College teacher (Retraction Watch, October 3, 2014)

Derailed: The Rise and Fall of Diederik Stapel (The New York Times, December 27, 2012)

Diederik Stapel – eminent “pop star” psychologist and blatant fraudster (Dr.Geoff, March 21, 2017)

Diederik Stapel loses teaching post, admits he was sockpuppeting on Retraction Watch (Retraction Watch, October 8, 2014)

Diederik Stapel now has 58 retractions (Retraction Watch, December 8, 2015)

Dutch university investigating psych researcher Stapel for data fraud (Retraction Watch, September 7, 2011)

Fabrication: The Diederik Stapel case (Science Integrity Digest, July 16, 2019)

Faking Science: A True Story of Academic Fraud (Nicholas J.L. Brown, December 14, 2014)

False positives: fraud and misconduct are threatening scientific research (The Guardian, September 13, 2012)

Final Report: Stapel affair points to bigger problems in social psychology (Science Magazine, November 28, 2012)

Flawed science: The fraudulent research practices of social psychologist Diederik Stapel (Pieter Drenth, Willem Levelt and Ed Noort, November 28, 2012)

Going Dutch: Stapel inquiry eyes credulous colleagues, institution, prompts national soul search (November 29, 2012)

He’s back: Data faker Diederik Stapel will support research at vocational university (Retraction Watch, September 6, 2016)

How Diederik Stapel Became a Science Fraud (Discover Magazine, January 20, 2015)

No academic post for fraudster Diederik Stapel, after all (Retraction Watch, September 13, 2016)

Rejoinder to commentary on the Stapel fraud report (Pieter Drenth, Willem Levelt and Ed Noort, February 2013)

TED x Braintrain (Youtube, September 1, 2013)

The case of Diederik Stapel (American Psychological Association, December, 2011)

The Mind of a Con Man (The New York Times Magazine, April 26, 2013)

This research group seeks to expose weaknesses in science—and they’ll step on some toes if they have to (Science Magazine, September 20, 2018)